National Desk: Rising air pollution is no longer just a threat to the lungs and respiratory system—it is now emerging as a major danger for bones and joints as well. The situation is especially alarming in regions like Delhi-NCR. A new study by AIIMS New Delhi has revealed that tiny pollutant particles such as PM2.5 present in polluted air are harming the body’s immune system.
This has raised a critical question: Why is pollution increasing the risk of rheumatoid arthritis?
How Pollution Triggers Rheumatoid Arthritis
According to Dr. Uma Kumar, Head of the Rheumatology Department at AIIMS Delhi, several diseases occur due to malfunctioning of the immune system, one of which is rheumatoid arthritis.
It is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s healthy tissues, leading to joint pain and inflammation.
Dr. Kumar explained that increasing pollution is elevating the risk of this disease and worsening symptoms in existing patients.
“Every winter in Delhi, symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis patients worsen. Even those who remain stable throughout the year experience flare-ups during this season. This pattern has been observed for years, and one of the major reasons is the surge in pollution levels during winter.”
How Pollution Attacks the Joints
Dr. Uma explained the process in detail. When a person breathes polluted air, PM2.5 particles travel through the respiratory tract and enter the bloodstream via the lungs.
Oxidative Stress
These particles circulate throughout the body, increasing oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
Impact on the Immune System
Pollution also negatively affects the immune system, causing it to attack the body’s own healthy cells and tissues. This increases the risk of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Who Is at Highest Risk?
These groups are more prone to pollution-related bone and joint problems:
Elderly individuals
Women (rheumatoid arthritis is more common in women)
Existing rheumatoid arthritis patients
People suffering from asthma or allergies
Common Symptoms of Bone and Joint Problems
Persistent joint pain
Difficulty walking or moving
Back or joint pain while bending
Constant fatigue
Essential Measures to Protect Yourself from Pollution
Experts advise the following steps to reduce the harmful effects of pollution:
Avoid morning walks: Refrain from outdoor exercise when pollution levels are high.
Use masks: Wear a high-quality mask such as N95 while going outdoors.
Air purifiers: Use air purifiers to keep indoor air clean.
Diet: Consume a balanced diet rich in antioxidants to boost immunity and reduce inflammation.
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